I believe we have to teach people how to make jobs (both inside and outside existing companies), not merely find them.  Which means encouraging “hustle” rather than merely “compliance”, or even “competence” (a la STEM).  This can’t start or end with college, but needs to span pre-school to lifelong learning. And it we need it to get enough auto mechanics and pizza chefs, not just high-tech startups.

This implies we should make entrepreneurship a central focus of workforce development. Not just in the populations we are trying to serve, but in the institutions that are trying to serve them!  Currently, education, government and non-profits are the exact opposite of entrepreneurial: legacy, driven by their existing structure rather than a deep focus on customers’ needs.